Guidelines

  • Manuscript Preparation:
    • Language: English only
    • Format: Microsoft Word, Times New Roman (12pt), single-spaced, A4 size, with 1-inch margins. Limit to 30 pages; extra pages may incur charges.
    • Sections: For full-length research articles, structure as follows: Title page, Abstract (max 200 words), Keywords (3-6), Introduction, Methods, Results, Discussion, Conclusion, Acknowledgment (optional), References.
  • Title Page:
    • Must include manuscript title, author names, affiliations, and the corresponding author
      identified by an asterisk.
  • Abstract:
    • Summarize objectives, methods, and results within 200 words, without sub-headings.
  • Keywords:
    • Provide 3-6 relevant keywords, separated by commas.
  • Introduction:
    • Provide background, previous research, and the scope of your study without subheadings.
  • Experimental Section/Materials & Methods:
    • Describe methods and materials in detail to ensure reproducibility. Include sources of
      chemicals, ethical permissions, etc.
  • Results and Discussion:
    • Summarize key findings and interpret the results. Include speculative insights and potential future research directions.
  • Conclusion:
    • Summarize the study’s outcomes, highlighting significant findings and contributions.
  • Acknowledgments(if applicable):
    • Include funding sources or contributions from colleagues or institutions.
  • Manuscript Submission:
    • Manuscripts must be submitted via the journal’s online portal for review.
  • References:
    • Follow APA style for citations and list them in order of appearance. For journal articles,
      include authors, publication year, article title, journal name, volume, and page numbers.
  • Ethical Standards:
    • All manuscripts must be original, unpublished, and not submitted elsewhere during the review process. Authors are responsible for ensuring their work adheres to ethical research practices and must disclose any conflicts of interest.
  • Peer Review:
    • All submissions undergo a peer review process to ensure the quality and integrity of the research.
  • Formatting:
    • Headings, tables, figures, and abbreviations must adhere to the provided format guidelines, with references following IEEE or APA styles.
  • Publication Ethics:
    • Authors must agree to ethical standards, including originality, plagiarism prevention, and
      accountability for the submitted work.

To submit a research paper. Kindly ensure that your research is highly impactful, well-designed, and clearly written, while meticulously following the journal’s specific submission guidelines, including selecting the most appropriate journal for your research area, conducting a thorough literature review, clearly stating your research question, providing robust methodology,
presenting results concisely, and crafting a compelling cover letter highlighting the significance of your findings; always check for ethical considerations and necessary declarations regarding your research subjects if applicable

Research papers will follow specific formatting guidelines for text, figures, and other elements. Here are some guidelines for formatting a research paper:

Text: Use a font like Arial and 12-point font size. Use double-spaced paragraphs, and justify the text to fill the line. Use italics to emphasize words, and avoid bold and underlining.
Page numbers: Use the automatic page numbering function.
Margins: Use page margins that are not too narrow, preferably 2.5 cm.
Figures: Use black and white graphics with no shading. Ensure that all lines and lettering are legible at the final size. Scanned line drawings should have a minimum resolution of 1200 dpi. 

Equations: Use the equation editor or Math Type. Centered equations should be set on a separate line, with extra space above and below.
Tables: Use the table function, not spreadsheets.
Submission: Submit the manuscript as a Word document in docx or doc format. You can also submit manuscripts with mathematical content in LaTeX.
Abstract: Provide an abstract of 250 to 300 words. The abstract should not contain any undefined abbreviations or unspecified references.
Keywords: Provide 4 to 6 keywords for indexing purposes.

WRITING AN EFFECTIVE RESEARCH ABSTRACT

The abstract should start with a brief background and context for the research, followed by a clear statement of the research question or hypothesis. Next, the methodology section should describe the research design, methods, and procedures used to collect and analyze the data.

I. Key Characteristics of an Abstract

When writing a research abstract, it is essential to be:

    • Concise
    • Clear
    • Complete

The abstract should provide a brief overview of the research, including:

    • Research question
    • Methodology
    • Main findings
    • Implications

Typically, an abstract should not exceed 250-300 words.

II. Focus of the Abstract

The abstract should focus on highlighting the novelty and significance of the research, rather than simply summarizing existing knowledge. Since research is about discovering something new, your abstract should emphasize:

    • What new knowledge or insights did you gain from your research?
    • How does your research challenge or build upon existing theories or findings?
    •  What are the practical implications of your research, and how can they be applied in real-world contexts?

III. Style and Format

In terms of style, the abstract should:

    • Use formal, academic language
    • Maintain an objective tone, avoiding personal opinions or biases
    • Use a standard font, such as Arial
    • Use a font size of 10 or 12 points
    • Include relevant keywords from the research to help with indexing and searching
    • Avoid abbreviations or acronyms that may be unfamiliar to readers

GUIDELINES FOR RESEARCH INTRODUCTION

I. Introduction Guidelines for Top-Tier Journals

When submitting the article to our journals, the introduction should have a clear structure that includes the following elements:

  1. Debatable Statement (approx. 1-2 sentences): Present 2-3 alternative viewpoints or perspectives on the research topic, highlighting the debate or controversy in the field. This statement should:
    • Identify the key arguments or perspectives in the field.
    • Highlight the limitations or gaps in the existing literature.
    • Provide a clear and concise overview of the debate or controversy.
    • Set the stage for the research question or hypothesis.
  2. Background and Context (approx. 2-3 sentences): Provide a brief background and context for the research, including a clear explanation of the research problem or area of investigation.
  3. Knowledge Gap (approx. 1-2 sentences): Identify a knowledge gap in the existing literature and explain how the research addresses this gap.
  4. Significance and Relevance (approx. 2-3 sentences): Explain the significance and relevance of the research, including its potential impact on the field.
  5. Preview of the Study (approx. 1-2 sentences): Provide a brief preview of the study, including the research design, methods, and main findings.

II. Style and Format Guidelines

    • Use clear and concise writing, avoiding unnecessary complexity or jargon.
    • Maintain a formal tone, avoiding personal opinions or biases.
    • Use standard font and spacing requirements.

III. Common Mistakes to Avoid

    • Lack of clarity
    • Insufficient background information
    • Poor organization
    • Failure to clearly explain the significance and relevance of the research

GUIDELINES FOR LITERATURE REVIEW

A literature review typically begins with an introduction that provides an overview of the research topic, context, and purpose of the review. This introductory section should introduce the research topic and provide background information, clearly stating the purpose and scope of the review. It should also provide an overview of the main themes and issues to be covered in the review, establishing the relevance and significance of the review. The introduction should be concise, typically around 100-150 words, and provide a roadmap for the rest of the review.

For instance, a literature review on the impact of climate change on global food systems might begin with an introduction that outlines the current state of knowledge on the topic. This introduction would set the stage for the rest of the review, which would examine the existing literature on the effects of climate change on crop yields, food security, and sustainable agriculture practices. By providing a clear and concise introduction, the reviewer sets the stage for a comprehensive and informative literature review.

When writing a literature review, it is essential to define the research question or topic and establish the scope of the review. This involves determining the parameters of the review, including the time frame, geographical location, and relevant studies.

A comprehensive search strategy is crucial to identifying relevant studies. This involves using multiple databases, search engines, and other sources, as well as developing specific keywords and inclusion/exclusion criteria to ensure that relevant studies are included and irrelevant ones are excluded.

The literature review should be organized in a logical and coherent manner, using headings and subheadings to divide the review into sections and subsections. The review should summarize and synthesize the literature, analyzing and critiquing the studies reviewed, and identifying gaps and areas for further research. It is recommended to write each separate paragraph under ‘Synthesis’, Critical Evaluation ‘ and ‘Future Research Direction” at the end.

When writing the literature review, it is essential to use clear and concise writing, maintaining a formal tone and avoiding personal opinions or biases. Proper citation and referencing are also crucial, adhering to the chosen citation style.

Common mistakes to avoid when writing a literature review include a lack of clarity and focus, insufficient depth or breadth, and poor organization and structure. By avoiding these mistakes and following the guidelines outlined above, researchers can produce a high-quality literature review that provides a solid foundation for their research.

GUIDELINES FOR PRESENTING FINDINGS

I. Presentation of Findings

  1. Clear and concise writing: Use simple language to present complex ideas.
  2. Organized and logical structure: Use headings, subheadings, and paragraphs to organize findings.
  3. Use of tables, figures, and diagrams: Visual aids can help illustrate complex data and relationships.

II. Content of Findings

  1. Summary of key findings: Highlight the main results of the review.
  2. Analysis and interpretation of findings: Explain the implications of the findings and their relevance to the research question.
  3. Comparison of findings: Compare and contrast the results of different studies.
  4. Identification of patterns and themes: Highlight any patterns or themes that emerge from the findings.

III. Critical Evaluation of Findings

  1. Evaluation of study quality: Assess the methodological quality of the studies reviewed.
  2. Assessment of bias and limitations: Identify potential biases and limitations of the studies.
  3. Consideration of alternative explanations: Consider alternative explanations for the findings.

IV. Style and Format

  1. Use of proper citation and referencing: Adhere to the chosen citation style.
  2. Use of clear and concise headings: Use headings and subheadings to organize findings.
  3. Use of proper formatting: Use proper formatting for tables, figures, and diagrams.

When presenting findings in a literature review, it is essential to highlight key findings using bullet points or numbered lists, headings, and subheadings, and bold or italic text to emphasize important terms or concepts. Quantitative data should be presented using tables and figures with clear labels and captions, and statistical analysis should be used to analyze and interpret the data. Qualitative data can be presented using thematic analysis, quotes, and excerpts from studies, and narrative summaries to provide a clear overview of the findings.

DISCUSSION GUIDELINES

The discussion section is where authors interpret and analyze the findings, relate them to the broader context, and discuss their implications. Here are some guidelines for writing a clear and effective discussion:

I. Interpretation of Findings

  1. Explain and interpret the findings: Provide an in-depth explanation of the findings, highlighting their significance and relevance.
  2. Relate findings to the research question: Show how the findings address the research question or hypothesis.
  3. Discuss the implications of the findings: Explain the practical implications of the findings and their potential impact.

II. Relation to Broader Context

  1. Relate findings to existing literature: Compare and contrast the findings with existing research in the field.
  2. Discuss the contribution of the study: Explain how the study contributes to the existing body of knowledge.
  3. Highlight the significance of the study: Emphasize the importance and relevance of the study.

III. Addressing Debatable Statements

  1. Revisit the debatable statement: Recall the debatable statement presented in the introduction
    and address it in light of the findings.
  2. Provide evidence to support or refute the statement: Use the findings to support or refute the debatable statement, providing evidence from the literature to justify the position.
  3. Discuss the implications of the findings on the debatable statement: Explain how the findings impact the debatable statement, highlighting any changes or shifts in perspective.

IV. Implications and Recommendations

  1. Discuss the practical implications of the findings: Explain how the findings can be applied in real-world contexts.
  2. Provide recommendations for future research: Suggest avenues for future research, highlighting areas where further investigation is needed.
  3. Highlight the limitations of the study: Acknowledge the limitations of the study and their potential impact on the findings.

V. Style and Format

  1. Use clear and concise language: Avoid using jargon or overly technical language.
  2. Maintain a formal tone: Avoid using personal opinions or biases.
  3. Use proper citation and referencing: Adhere to the chosen citation style

GUIDELINES: REFERENCING

Here are some general referencing guidelines:

I. Citation Style

Our journals use the APA (American Psychological Association) citation style.

II. Reference List

  1. Order: List references in alphabetical order by author’s last name.
  2. Format: Use hanging indents for each reference.
  3. Include: Author’s last name, first initial, publication year, title, journal title, volume, and page numbers (for journal articles).

III. In-Text Citations

  1. Author-date system: Use the author’s last name and publication year, separated by commas.
  2. Parenthetical citations: Use parentheses to enclose the author-date information.
  3. Multiple authors: Separate authors with commas, using an ampersand (&) before the last author.

IV. Examples

  • Journal article:

Smith, J. (2020). The impact of AI on HRM. Journal of Business Research, 10(2), 12-20.

  • Book

McKay, M., Davis, M., & Fanning, P. (2009). Messages: The communication skills book. New Harbinger Publications.

  • Book with Edition

Belcher, W. (2019). Writing your journal article in twelve weeks: A guide to academic publishing success (2nd ed.). University of Chicago Press.

  • Conference Paper

Olivieri, H., Seppänen, O., & Granja, A. D. (2016). Integrating Lbms, Lps and Cpm: a practical process. In Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (pp. 3-12). National Pingtung University of Science and Technology.

  •  Edited Book

Leitch, M. G., & Rushton, C. J. (Eds.). (2019). A new companion to Malory. D. S. Brewer

  •  Chapter in an Edited Book

Armstrong, D. (2019). Malory and character. In M. G. Leitch & C. J. Rushton (Eds.), A new companion to Malory (pp. 144-163). D. S. Brewer.

V. Additional Guidelines

  1. DOI: Include the digital object identifier (DOI) for online sources.
  2. Retrieval dates: Include retrieval dates for online sources without DOIs.
  3. Citation management tools: Use tools like EndNote, Zotero, or Mendeley to format citations and references.

All references should be taken from top tier journals or other revenant academic documents

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