Authors may occasionally wish to withdraw a manuscript after submission. At the time of submission, authors acknowledge the journal’s Article Processing Charges (APCs) policy. APCs become payable only after a manuscript has been accepted for publication following the peer-review process.

Authors may withdraw their manuscript without any fees if the withdrawal request is submitted within 7 days of submission, provided that the manuscript has not entered the peer-review or production stage.

The journal undertakes editorial and administrative processes promptly, which may involve operational and processing costs. Therefore, refunds for services that have already been rendered are generally not possible.

A full refund will be issued under the following circumstances:

• If the manuscript does not proceed to the peer-review stage
• If the manuscript is rejected and payment has been made in advance
• If a payment was made in error and the journal is notified within two days of the transaction

No refunds will be provided under the following circumstances:

• If the author withdraws the manuscript after the peer-review or editorial process has begun
• If the author declines to revise and resubmit the manuscript following reviewer comments
• If the manuscript has already been accepted or published
• If the manuscript is removed due to copyright infringement or ethical violations

Refunds, where applicable, will be processed through secure online payment methods within 20 to 30 working days. Any mistakenly deposited funds will be refunded within four weeks, subject to verification and notification by the author.

Editorial decisions regarding manuscript acceptance, revision, or rejection are made independently of payment status, refund requests, or financial considerations. All authors are expected to review the journal’s policies carefully before submission and to make informed decisions regarding publication.